/* Reset and Base Styles */
* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

:root{
  --bg: #ffffff;
  --bg-soft: #fafafa;
  --text: #111827;
  --muted: #6b7280;
  --link: #1e40af;
  --link-hover: #153e75;
  --card: #ffffff;
  --shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
  --radius: 16px;
}

html {
    font-size: 16px;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
    font-family: 'Inter Variable', 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, system-ui, sans-serif;
    font-weight: 450;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--text);
    background: var(--bg);
    font-size: clamp(16px, 2.5vw, 18px);
    font-optical-sizing: auto;
}

@media (min-width: 1024px){
  body{
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--bg), var(--bg-soft) 1200px);
  }
}

/* Typography */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    font-family: 'Inter Variable', 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, system-ui, sans-serif;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3rem);
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

h2 {
    font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4vw, 2.25rem);
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

h3 {
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 1.5rem);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

p {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

/* Justification compromise: long-form only */
.content p,
.container > p,
.byline-body p,
.bio-content p,
.page-content p {
  text-align: justify;
  text-justify: inter-word;
  hyphens: auto;
}

@media (max-width: 640px){
  .content p,
  .container > p,
  .byline-body p,
  .bio-content p,
  .page-content p {
    text-align: start;
  }
}

/* Links */
a {
    color: #1e40af;
    text-decoration: underline;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

a:hover {
    color: #60a5fa;
}

a:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid #1e40af;
    outline-offset: 2px;
    border-radius: 2px;
}

/* Layout */
.container {
    max-width: 700px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 2rem;
}

/* Skip Link */
.skip-link {
    position: absolute;
    top: -40px;
    left: 6px;
    background: #1e40af;
    color: white;
    padding: 8px;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 4px;
    z-index: 10000;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: top 0.2s ease;
}

.skip-link:focus {
    top: 6px;
    outline: 2px solid #fff;
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Header and Navigation */
header {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    background: #fff;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    z-index: 1000;
}

.header-container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 1rem 2rem;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.brand {
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: clamp(1.125rem, 2.5vw, 1.25rem);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #000;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.brand:hover {
    color: #1e40af;
}

/* Mobile menu toggle */
.mobile-menu-toggle {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 0.5rem;
    gap: 0.25rem;
    z-index: 1001;
}

.hamburger-line {
    width: 24px;
    height: 2px;
    background-color: #000;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.mobile-menu-toggle:hover .hamburger-line {
    background-color: #1e40af;
}

.mobile-menu-toggle:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid #1e40af;
    outline-offset: 2px;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

/* Primary Navigation */
.primary-nav {
    display: block;
}

.nav-list {
    display: flex;
    list-style: none;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.nav-group {
    position: relative;
}

.nav-button {
    background: none;
    border: none;
    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 450;
    color: #000;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.nav-button:hover {
    color: #1e40af;
    background-color: #f8fafc;
}

.nav-button:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid #1e40af;
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

.nav-button[aria-expanded="true"] {
    color: #1e40af;
    background-color: #f1f5f9;
}

.nav-arrow {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.nav-button[aria-expanded="true"] .nav-arrow {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

/* Submenus */
.submenu {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    min-width: 160px;
    z-index: 1000;
    list-style: none;
}

.submenu a {
    display: block;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    color: #374151;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 450;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.submenu a:hover {
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    color: #1e40af;
}

.submenu a:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid #1e40af;
    outline-offset: -2px;
    background-color: #f1f5f9;
}

/* Main Content */
main {
    padding: 4rem 0;
    min-height: 60vh;
}

.content {
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

/* Images */
img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 8px;
    display: block;
}

.hero-image, .bottom-image {
    text-align: center;
    margin: 3rem 0;
}

.hero-image img, .bottom-image img {
    margin: 0 auto;
    max-width: 500px;
}

figure {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

/* Navigation List */
.navigation-list {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 2rem 0;
    padding: 0;
  font-size: inherit;
}

.navigation-list li {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    
  font-size: inherit;
}

.navigation-list a {
    color: #1e40af;
  font-size: inherit;
}

.navigation-list strong {
    font-weight: 500;
  font-size: inherit;
}

/* Footer */
footer {
    border-top: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    padding: 3rem 0 2rem;
    background-color: #fafafa;
}

.footer-content {
    text-align: center;
}

.footer-cta {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.cta-link {
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #1e40af;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
    border: 2px solid #1e40af;
    border-radius: 6px;
    display: inline-block;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.cta-link:hover {
    background-color: #1e40af;
    color: #fff;
}

.footer-links {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.footer-links a {
    color: #6b7280;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
}

.footer-links a:hover {
    color: #1e40af;
}

.footer-copy {
    color: #6b7280;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
}

/* Mobile Navigation */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .mobile-menu-toggle {
        display: flex;
    }

    .primary-nav {
        display: none;
        position: absolute;
        top: 100%;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        background: #fff;
        border-top: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
        box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
        z-index: 999;
    }

    .primary-nav.mobile-open {
        display: block;
    }

    .nav-list {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: stretch;
        gap: 0;
        padding: 1rem;
    }

    .nav-group {
        position: static;
    }

    .nav-button {
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: space-between;
        padding: 1rem;
        border-radius: 6px;
        margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    }

    .submenu {
        position: static;
        box-shadow: none;
        border: none;
        border-radius: 0;
        background: #f8fafc;
        margin: 0.5rem 0 1rem 1rem;
        padding-left: 1rem;
        border-left: 2px solid #e5e7eb;
    }

    .submenu a {
        padding: 0.5rem 0;
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }
}

/* Contact Page Styles */
.contact-info {
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.contact-method {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.contact-method h3 {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.social-links h3 {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.social-links-placeholder,
.photo-grid-placeholder,
.guestbook-placeholder {
    padding: 2rem;
    background-color: #f9fafb;
    border-radius: 8px;
    text-align: center;
    color: #6b7280;
    font-style: italic;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

/* Photo Grid Component */
.photo-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.5rem;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.photo-grid img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 250px;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 8px;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.photo-grid img:hover {
    transform: scale(1.02);
}

/* Substack Embed Placeholder */
#substack-embed {
    margin: 2rem 0;
    padding: 2rem;
    background-color: #f9fafb;
    border-radius: 8px;
    text-align: center;
    border: 2px dashed #d1d5db;
}

/* Desktop Styles */
@media (min-width: 769px) {
    .header-container {
        padding: 1rem 3rem;
    }
    
    .container {
        padding: 0 3rem;
    }
    
    .navigation-list li {
        
  font-size: inherit;
    }
}

/* Mobile Responsiveness */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .container {
        padding: 0 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .header-container {
        padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
    }
    
    main {
        padding: 2rem 0;
    }
    
    .hero-image, .bottom-image {
        margin: 2rem 0;
    }
    
    .footer-links {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 0.5rem;
    }
    
    .cta-link {
        font-size: 1rem;
        padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    }
}

/* Small Mobile */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .container {
        padding: 0 1rem;
    }
    
    .header-container {
        padding: 1rem;
    }
    
    .photo-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

/* Accessibility */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .context-window {
        transition: none;
    }
    
    a {
        transition: none;
    }
    
    .photo-grid img {
        transition: none;
    }
    
    .cta-link {
        transition: none;
    }
}

/* High Contrast Mode Support */
@media (prefers-contrast: high) {
    .context-window {
        border: 2px solid #000;
    }
    
    .footer-content {
        border-top: 2px solid #000;
    }
}

/* Focus Styles for Keyboard Navigation */
button:focus-visible,
input:focus-visible,
textarea:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid #1e40af;
    outline-offset: 2px;
    border-radius: 2px;
}

/* Print Styles */
@media print {
    .context-window {
        display: none;
    }
    
    nav {
        border-bottom: 1px solid #000;
    }
    
    a {
        color: #000;
    }
    
    .footer-content {
        border-top: 1px solid #000;
    }
}

/* Image placeholders */
.page-image{
  margin: 1.5rem 0 2rem;
}
.page-image img{
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  display: block;
}
.page-image.bottom{
  margin-top: 3rem;
}

/* Inline links list */
.inline-links{
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .5rem 1rem;
  margin: 1rem 0 0;
}

/* Button group for Writing and Music pages */
.button-group {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  text-align: center;
  margin: 2rem 0;
}

.nav-button-link {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
  background: var(--link);
  color: white;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: background-color 0.2s ease;
}

.nav-button-link:hover,
.nav-button-link:focus {
  background: var(--link-hover);
  outline: 2px solid var(--link);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* CTA note */
.cta-note{
  margin-top: 2rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: #fff;
}

/* Footer redesign */
footer{
  margin-top: 4rem;
  background: var(--bg);
  border-top: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
}
.footer-content{
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr auto;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 2rem 0;
}
.footer-tagline{
  color: var(--muted);
}
.footer-links ul{
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: .5rem 1rem;
}
.footer-links a{
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--link);
}
.footer-links a:hover{
  text-decoration: underline;
  color: var(--link-hover);
}
.footer-copy{
  text-align: right;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.footer-copy .footer-subscribe{
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: .5rem;
  text-decoration: underline;
  color: var(--link);
}
@media (max-width: 800px){
  .footer-content{
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    text-align: left;
  }
  .footer-copy{
    text-align: left;
  }
}

/* Bylines grid */
.bylines-grid{
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 2rem 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
}
.byline-card{
  background: var(--card);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform .15s ease, box-shadow .15s ease;
}
.byline-link{
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: auto 1fr;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  height: 100%;
}
.byline-media img{
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 16/9;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}
.byline-body{
  padding: 1rem 1.125rem 1.25rem;
}
.byline-body h3{
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  margin-bottom: .5rem;
}
.byline-body .meta{
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: .9rem;
}
.byline-card:focus-within,
.byline-card:hover{
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(0,0,0,.08);
}
.now-updated{
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: .5rem;
}

/* Nav tweaks for label links + toggle buttons */
.nav-label-link{
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  padding: .5rem .75rem;
  border-radius: .5rem;
}
.nav-toggle{
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: .5rem;
  border-radius: .5rem;
}
.nav-toggle:focus-visible,
.nav-label-link:focus-visible{
  outline: 2px solid var(--link);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}
.nav-arrow{
  font-size: .8rem;
  margin-left: .125rem;
}

/* Essay list styling - no bullets, tight spacing */
.essay-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding-left: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.essay-list li {
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

/* --- Substack embed: center and prevent clipping --- */
.substack-post-embed {
  display: grid;               /* centers nicely without width math */
  place-items: center;
  margin: 2rem 0;
  overflow: visible;           /* don't clip the auto-resized iframe */
}

/* Substack injects an iframe; make it responsive and not clipped */
.substack-post-embed iframe {
  display: block;
  width: min(720px, 100%);     /* sensible max width */
  max-width: 100%;
  border: 0;
  /* Fallback height in case preview sandbox blocks auto-resize */
  min-height: 360px;
}

/* If any container is hiding overflow, allow visibility in this section */
.content, .container {
  overflow: visible;
}

/* Responsive embeds */
.youtube-embed iframe {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .youtube-embed iframe {
        width: 100%;
        height: 200px;
    }
}